Emegring marker Guide

Histamine producing microbes

Immune
Research Use Only
Histamine is a biogenic amine which plays an important role in immunoregulation and intestinal function. Histamine is produced by human cells as well as some microbes. Human colonocytes have the capacity to degrade and transport histamine, suggesting that human genetic variations will affect the capacity of the microbiome to contribute to systemic histamine levels.
Marker summary
Histamine, produced by immune cells and some microbes, may modulate immune function and gut motility.

What are emerging markers?

The emerging markers provides microbial markers which have historically been of clinical interest. These markershave an emerging evidence base leading to uncertainty around their role in human health.All emerging markers are tagged Research Use Only. These markers have an emerging evidence base leading to uncertainty around their role in human health.

1

Ammonia (urease) producing microbes

Metabolic

Research Use Only

The microbial enzyme urease breaks down the compound urea, a nitrogen waste product created by the body, into ammonia. The role of gut bacteria that produce the enzyme urease is currently not well understood.

Marker summary

The enzyme urease breaks down urea into ammonia. The role of microbial urease remains unclear.

1

Ammonia (urease) producing microbes

Metabolic

Research Use Only

The microbial enzyme urease breaks down the compound urea, a nitrogen waste product created by the body, into ammonia. The role of gut bacteria that produce the enzyme urease is currently not well understood.

Marker summary

The enzyme urease breaks down urea into ammonia. The role of microbial urease remains unclear.