Emegring marker Guide

Vitamin K producing microbes

Metabolic
Research Use Only
K vitamins are a family of fat soluble vitamins which play an important role in blood clotting. Vitamin K cannot be produced by human cells and must be obtained through diet or the microbiome. Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is found in plants, such as dark leafy vegetables, and is the principal form of dietary vitamin K used by the body. Bacterially derived vitamin K (menaquinones) are produced by our gut bacteria and are found in fermented foods, dairy products and meat. The amount ofbacterially derived vitamin K (menaquinones) that can be absorbed by the large intestine is unknown.
Marker summary
Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting, is sourced from the diet or the microbiome.

What are emerging markers?

The emerging markers provides microbial markers which have historically been of clinical interest. These markershave an emerging evidence base leading to uncertainty around their role in human health.All emerging markers are tagged Research Use Only. These markers have an emerging evidence base leading to uncertainty around their role in human health.

1

Ammonia (urease) producing microbes

Metabolic

Research Use Only

The microbial enzyme urease breaks down the compound urea, a nitrogen waste product created by the body, into ammonia. The role of gut bacteria that produce the enzyme urease is currently not well understood.

Marker summary

The enzyme urease breaks down urea into ammonia. The role of microbial urease remains unclear.

1

Ammonia (urease) producing microbes

Metabolic

Research Use Only

The microbial enzyme urease breaks down the compound urea, a nitrogen waste product created by the body, into ammonia. The role of gut bacteria that produce the enzyme urease is currently not well understood.

Marker summary

The enzyme urease breaks down urea into ammonia. The role of microbial urease remains unclear.